Whatever your running ability, it can be said that “the race can be won on the downhill.” I’ve witnessed this on both the elite level as well as heard horror stories from ill prepared mid-packers who have trashed their legs in races with either a considerable amount of elevation change or on predominantly downhill courses like WS100 to name one.
Becoming adept, agile & smooth over such terrain is a gift for some and an acquired skill for many. When looking ahead to an early season trail or mountain race we always take the late winter-early spring micro-cycle to begin building “hill base”on the long runs. We do this by systematically increasing the quantity of prolonged hill climbs, especially in the last 50% of the total duration of the run. After a few weeks of running this pattern we periodically choose a running course comprised of both roads and trails with approximately 30-40% steep up-hill followed by descent equal to 60-70% of the hilly segment. We do this on a variety of routes up in the foothills west of Boulder which I refer to here as the “mid-altitude zone.” By mastering our downhill form on these long descents over relatively smooth surfaces, we see vast improvements in trail readiness going into mid-spring i.e. more combined leg-toughness & leg-speed.
This foundation of skillful terrain technique, leg speed & muscle resiliency pays dividends later in the spring when the time comes to move to higher altitude and the more technical trails. Whats more, we mid-packers can do it and do it well, having taken the time to build our hill base in a progression of challenging, continuous hilly runs over varied surfaces.
Here are a a few local Boulder/mid-altitude running routes that are great pre-season “leg tougheners” that also promote leg-speed for the downhill:
 From Ebin G Fine Park:
1. Red Rocks – Sinitis Valley – North Cedar Brook –  Old Kiln Trail returning to EGF via Foothills Trail & 3rd St Alley (option to include Old Stage Rd.)
2. Overlook Trail to the top of Flagstaff – Ute Trail to the Flagstaff Rd. – Descending via the “Fire-Road” on the western slope of Flagstaff  to the Red Lion/ Boulder Canyon – back to EGF
3. Same course… but from the Flagstaff Rd. cross to Gregory Canyon Trail to Ranger Trail  up to West Ridge Trail – pop out on the road momentarily down to Long Canyon Trail – down to  top of Gregory Canyon – back out the the road & then down the Fire Rd. etc.
4. Up Sunshine Canyon to Poor Man Rd – down to 4-mile Canyon to Boulder Canyon down to EGF & wherever (speed & smoothness on the roads converts to trails… guaranteed)
5. Up Boulder Canyon to 4-Mile Canyon up to Logan Mill Rd. (great climb… options from the top of Logan Mill are many, including bush whacking to the Betasso Wildlife Preserve with it’s conjunctive trail system leading back to The Canyon to EFG.
With any course you create, give the logistics and elevation profile some pre-thought when laying out the route, then go with your own spontaneous flow of exploration & experimentation. One indicator of the merits of the course is the quality of your closing speed. If you end up feeling really good and are gaining confidence in the last hour of your run, the course may be a keeper! Even then however, be sure to vary your routes week to week, if only to allow for recovery from the more extreme hills and to provide a better overall training stimulus. Thinks about developing a rotation of hard-easy-moderate courses with the requisite qualities described above.
Then the “mid-high” altitude, classic running routes such as Magnolia Rd. & The Switzerland Trail will await you!

Sport Speed Q & A

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Resolved Question
Help with Plyometrics for a Novice Lacrosse Player

I’m currently a junior in high school who would really like to play lacrosse next year and… I’ve never played a game in my life. The way I see it, I have a year to beat some lacrosse geared athleticism into me before I embarrass myself in front of my friends and about 6-9 months before I embarrass myself in front of an indoor team.
My goal is to prevent this embarrassment from happening. So I’ve begun a pretty demanding training schedule: Day 1 Upper Body Mandatory Day 2 Lower Body Mandatory Day 3 Minor Muscles (Semi-recovery day) Day 4 Plyometrics Day 5 Lacrosse technical skills. This is done for 3 weeks, then a rest week and then it begins again with workouts on different days and hopefully different exercises. My main problem is, I don’t know a good plyometrics workout routine. The other problem is I don’t know any exercises that would improve my stick skills.

Current athletic ablitity and other info:
I’m approximately 165 pounds and 6 feet and 1 inch tall
I can bench 160 pounds
I’m more than capable of running a six minute mile
With arms fully extended I can jump and reach a basketball rim.

When I weight lift I do not max out, the bench press is a max but a friend was over and he wanted to know yadayadayadyada, so I obviously cannot give you any other max outs. I apologize for all the approximates, I don’t know what I’m “officially” capable of but I figured they would help in determining an appropriate routine. I would greatly appreciate help.
Art’s Response, Best Answer – Chosen by Voters
Hi, I have some experience teaching speed & explosion of which plyometrics are part but not all of the formula. To improve your athleticism, you’d do well to learn sport specific “grass drills”, with straight ahead speed, lateral movement and first step quickness and explosion all as essential elements. It’s also important to both limit and gradually build up the quantity of reps, jumps and landings, with plyo’s, so you don’t exhaust or injure yourself from the impacts which are a form of progressive overload (very intense on the  human structure). Think of it like “a little is a lot” and then you can add more frequency by combining the plyos into your various routines (although not on your lower body day, given your current sequence). This way you’ll get more lasting conditioning out of what your doing.
Good posture, alignment and jumping & landing technique with reflexive ground reaction is the key. Keep it simple. There’s a great book by Doc Kreis the ex-CU strength and conditioning coach that gives both exercise technique and seasonal workout structure for lacrosse and a number of other sports. Also see Human Kinetics, Vern Gambetta or Don Chu video materials which are very instructive.
If you can run a sub-6 you have a lot going for you in the way of endurance and flow which will serve you well. Use this base of conditioning as confidence booster and push yourself from the same place you would with running with the demands of your new sport (your coaches will take notice too). With sport specific speed your training your nervous system to fire more rapidly… it’s like anything you’ve ever worked at systematically; coordination, rhythm and speed are a result of training the nervous system in a specific pattern through repetition. It’s similar to going to the driving range or batting cage. Once you’ve got the foundational movements down and you can anticipate and change directions well in order to get to the place in the field and cover your responsibilities and/or make a play… think about how rapidly and numerous the transitions from offense to defense can be in a short span of time. Developing the hand-eye coordination for stick handling on the run will follow (not my expertise really) although I’d spend just as much time playing with the equipment in a relaxed way with your friends to get a body sense of how to handle it. The resistance training/weights are actually secondary/non specific although the strength gains and toughness in your shoulders and hips will help you tolerate the contact and wear and tear. Remember, the body is the “ultimate free weight.” Medicine ball work could be fun and beneficial as well.

Hope this gives you some direction. Enjoy!
Source(s):
Human Kinetics Publishing
Vern Gambetta
Donald Chu
(search should bring them up)

Sport Agility, book by Doc, Kreis (could be out of print, maybe Amazon?)

Success Story

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Jeff (see photo) is one of the most coachable clients I have had. Our background extends to his early beginnings as a runner. Most recently, in approximately 9 months of training with me, he has run both a 3:27 marathon and now a 1:43 1/2 marathon on a hilly course at altitude, giving him his first age group win, ever, in the 50-55 division.

His race description illustrates the degree to which he followed his race plan and adapted to the unexpected:

“I missed the 1 mile marker so it was more like 1.08 for the first lap and .92 mile for the second. There really wasn’t any real level running – it was either uphill or downhill, which made for pacing very difficult. What I did do was to hold back for the first 1-2 miles and then begin to settle down on a comfortable, semi agressive effort to mile 9. At that point, I treated the last 4 miles as a 5K and really attacked it. The downhill at that point allowed me to carry the energy through the last little hills at the end, and I was able to sprint the last .1 mile to finish line. BTW, I was awarded first place in my age division. I guess because the other 50+ year old actually won 3rd place in the marathon overall, thus making me #1 for the 1/2. Go figure. I’m happy!”

There are many more peak running experiences in Jeff’s future as I am confident that he will continue to  demonstrate both the willingness to change and the determination to do all the work he needs to on his own, paying close attention to both form and pace in his training and racing.

I’ve recently had the occasion to go through all my resource materials from over the years to provide handouts for my running clinics. How “old school” is that? I actually give out hard copies… anyway… in terms of book learnin’ the most complete, comprehensive volume I have in my library is Training Distance Runners by Coe & Martin. I seem to gravitate to the most clear, analytical and well thought out explanations for the bio-mechanical, physiological and psychological experience of running and this book really has “it.” My copy is extensively dog-eared and highlighted, chapter after chapter. On pages 16-17 is the best answer I’ve ever found to explain the relationship of the foot-strike to the running stride and why I coach my runners to make a “whole-foot” contact with the ground rather than manipulate the foot in any way toward the forefoot or heel when bearing the weight of the body during the swing phase of the running stride.

‘Improved flexibility of the ankle has a payoff in stride length. Ankle flexibility seems best to be displayed at international track meets by the African runners, particularly those who grew up as children running barefoot. Their style shows the knee of the supporting leg well infront of the ankle, giving the foot a greater range of motion throughout take off. It is a well known physiological fact that a muscle can generate greater shortening if it has been pre-stretched before tension generation begins. The longer the heel is left in contact with the ground while the knee moves forward, the greater the pre-stretch of the calf muscles. This will both increase stride length and power.’ (Training Distance Runners by Coe & Martin)

We call this “grounding out” and “relaxing down.”

Having said that, it’s important to remember that “over-striding;” landing ahead of the center of gravity/mass actually has a decelerating affect along with other undesirable impacts and pounding on the runner’s structure.  I will elaborate on this stride phenomenon more in future blogs .

The point here is that whether we’re running barefoot or in flat flexible shoes (hopefully), the technique we need to practice is grounding out through the whole foot with the heel down which allows for “late take-off.” Consciously leaving the foot on the ground for an instant can be effective to this end. This serves to both release and pre-stretch the muscles in the legs and increase the propulsive power and energy return of the running stride.

Capische?

Thanks to coach/authors like Coe and Martin for articulating so well, as early as the 80′s-90′s, what was surely transmitted to them by mentors from their respective traditions. I hope I do as well as they did. It seems unfortunate that many of my peers seem to be overlooking or even dismissing this tried and true ”foot-strike wisdom” at the present time.

 

Those of us who call Boulder close to home have the advantage of course familiarity when it comes to the renown 10K. However this session can be done on any road course by adapting the format for the circumstances.

In my estimation the BB is a strength/speed course of the highest magnitude. One way to test your metal and conceivably gauge fitness for race day is to try a fun, challenging, loosely structured interval workout over the entire (or even partial) race course.

You can do this workout over the entire course or break it down into sections leaving out the streets with the most traffic. After a thorough warm-up and by orienting to the mile marks along the course itself you will be running a continuous set of 6 half mile intervals paced in a progression, beginning at 15 seconds above your 5K pace (5KP) and “stepping down” to 15 seconds below 5KP. You can approximate the pace by running for estimated time, using a GPS device or even landmarks along the course.

Start each rep on flat or downhill terrain. Reduce to a float jog for the recovery interval and keep advancing forward on the course until you are ready to do your next rep (>120BPM or when you feel good and ready, whichever comes first). Use the down hills to gradually accelerate and build momentum and hold a strong tempo with a high short stride on the upgraded east-west sections.

At each turn make a slight surge before settling back into your cruising pace. This is called variable pacing which accesses latent energy in the body you can then channel into your forward movement.

By the time you get to mile 4 you should have 3 reps left. Stay loose and relaxed with it but take these out hard, casting caution to the wind and using the west-east slope of the roads to sustain your up-tempo running.  Hold your torso long & tall, reach out with your stride, fall into it and let the weight transfer over the balls of your feet. It’s this same commitment you will need to make on race-day. Be honest with yourself that you are relaxed (fast & comfortable) with the higher intensity running and not straining or using poor pace judgement. As always, take more risks in the later stages of the race/workout.

If you do the session more than once, orchestrate it so you’re touching the high speeds over different segments of the course than the previous workout.

Do this session early in your week and then after a couple of easy days of endurance running (even the following week, being sure to throw in a rest day), try 2 X 2 mile tempo runs on the BB miles at 5KP. Let me know how you do. Committing the course to muscle memory and running sub-10K pace will help you find your realistic maximum sustainable 10KP  and set you up so you can touch maximum achievable 10KP at the end of the race.

Enjoy!